Perennial verbena, also known as Verbena perennis, is a species of flowering plant that belongs to the Verbenaceae family. Here's some information about perennial verbena:

Appearance: Perennial verbena typically features clusters of small, five-petaled flowers that bloom atop slender stems. The flowers come in various colors, including shades of purple, pink, red, blue, white, and bi-colors. The foliage is often finely textured and may vary in color from green to gray-green, depending on the variety.

Hardiness: Perennial verbena is known for its hardiness and ability to return year after year in suitable growing conditions. It is typically classified as a herbaceous perennial, meaning it dies back to the ground in winter and regrows from the roots in spring. Some cultivars may be more cold-hardy than others, so it's essential to select varieties suited to your climate.

Sunlight: Perennial verbena thrives in full sun and requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day to bloom profusely. It tolerates heat well but may struggle in locations with intense afternoon sun, particularly in hot climates. In such cases, providing some afternoon shade can help prevent leaf scorching.

Soil: Perennial verbena prefers well-draining soil with moderate fertility. It can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including loamy, sandy, or rocky soils, as long as the drainage is good. Adding organic matter, such as compost or peat moss, can improve soil structure and moisture retention.

Watering: Perennial verbena has moderate water needs and prefers consistently moist soil. Water deeply and thoroughly, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. Avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot and other moisture-related issues.

Pruning: Deadheading spent flowers can encourage continuous blooming and prevent the plant from becoming leggy. Additionally, you can prune back the foliage in late winter or early spring to promote new growth and maintain a compact, tidy appearance.

Uses: Perennial verbena is commonly used in flower beds, borders, rock gardens, and pollinator gardens. It adds vibrant color and attracts beneficial pollinators like butterflies and bees. Some trailing varieties are excellent for cascading over the edges of containers or retaining walls.

Care: Perennial verbena is relatively low-maintenance and disease-resistant. However, it may be susceptible to issues such as powdery mildew, aphids, and spider mites, especially in humid conditions. Provide adequate air circulation and avoid overcrowding to minimize the risk of fungal diseases.

Overall, perennial verbena is a versatile and colorful addition to garden landscapes, providing continuous blooms and attracting beneficial pollinators. With proper care and maintenance, it can thrive in a variety of growing conditions and add beauty to outdoor spaces year after year.